{"id":1300,"date":"2021-11-08T14:09:53","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T13:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=1300"},"modified":"2024-04-17T14:53:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T12:53:29","slug":"leffet-albedo-3eme-levier-dattenuation-du-changement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/leffet-albedo-3eme-levier-dattenuation-du-changement-climatique\/","title":{"rendered":"Effet alb\u00e9do et changement climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&rsquo;effet alb\u00e9do est-il le troisi\u00e8me levier d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique ?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-92f4f65be6c3526ecc1b4110f525e50c\">D\u00e9couvrez dans cette publication si l<strong>&lsquo;effet alb\u00e9do est le troisi\u00e8me levier d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>La majorit\u00e9 des travaux sur le changement climatique sont aujourd\u2019hui men\u00e9s sur les <strong>effets biog\u00e9ochimiques<\/strong>. Ces effets correspondent au <strong>bilan Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des flux nets verticaux de CO<sub>2<\/sub> et horizontaux du carbone dans les plantes et dans les sols et sur les \u00e9missions des autres GES<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image.png?resize=602%2C355&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bilan Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des flux nets verticaux de CO2 et horizontaux du carbone dans les plantes et dans les sols et sur les \u00e9missions des autres GES\" class=\"wp-image-1301 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image.png?w=602&amp;ssl=1 602w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image.png?resize=300%2C177&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Un aspect plus m\u00e9connu concerne les <strong>effets biophysiques qui comprennent l\u2019effet albedo et les flux d\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/strong>. L\u2019<strong>alb\u00e9do est la part d\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie par un corps ou une surface par rapport \u00e0 celle re\u00e7ue<\/strong>. Plus un corps est clair et plus il est r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant, son alb\u00e9do est alors fort. A l\u2019inverse, un corps sombre absorbe davantage les rayons du soleil et son alb\u00e9do est faible.<strong> L\u2019effet alb\u00e9do joue ainsi un r\u00f4le dans l\u2019\u00e9quilibre thermique de la plan\u00e8te<\/strong>. Il a dans certains cas un effet refroidissant et dans d\u2019autres un effet r\u00e9chauffant. Il peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9 par certaines pratiques agricoles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Des cultures interm\u00e9diaires qui augmentent l\u2019alb\u00e9do, effet refroidissant<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>cultures interm\u00e9diaires peuvent exercer une influence sur le climat<\/strong>. Elles modifient \u00e0 la fois le bilan GES mais \u00e9galement le bilan d\u2019\u00e9nergie et la fa\u00e7on dont l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire va \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e en surface. Lorsque l\u2019on remplace un sol nu par un couvert, le <strong>bilan radiatif (rayonnement net) est modifi\u00e9 de deux fa\u00e7ons<\/strong>&nbsp;: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le <strong>changement d\u2019alb\u00e9do <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la<strong> modification du rayonnement infrarouge thermique<\/strong> \u00e9mis par la surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>plantes ont souvent un alb\u00e9do plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le sol nu<\/strong>. Le fait d\u2019introduire un couvert accroit donc l\u2019alb\u00e9do de la parcelle. En effet, une part plus importante du rayonnement solaire repart vers l\u2019espace. Ce rayonnement de courtes longueurs d\u2019ondes interagit peu avec les mol\u00e9cules de GES de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Il n\u2019induit donc pas de r\u00e9chauffement de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re au cours de son retour vers l\u2019espace. La quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9nergie disponible \u00e0 la surface va diminuer, engendrant globalement un refroidissement du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image-1.png?resize=602%2C369&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u00e9volution de l'alb\u00e9do journalier\" class=\"wp-image-1302 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image-1.png?w=602&amp;ssl=1 602w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/image-1.png?resize=300%2C184&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Une exp\u00e9rimentation au champ montre que<strong> l\u2019alb\u00e9do augmente avec le d\u00e9veloppement du couvert,<\/strong> ici de la moutarde. On peut \u00e9galement noter l\u2019<strong>effet des pluies ou irrigations<\/strong>. Elles <strong>assombrissent le sol et font p\u00e9riodiquement chuter l\u2019alb\u00e9do des deux sous parcelles.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Majoritairement on observe donc un <strong>gain d\u2019alb\u00e9do (effet refroidissant) avec l\u2019implantation de couverts<\/strong>, except\u00e9 pour les sols clairs comme les sols calcaires. <strong>Plusieurs facteurs modulent toutefois cet effet<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la<strong> p\u00e9riode d\u2019implantation et sa dur\u00e9e de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation<\/strong>, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le <strong>choix de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce et sa densit\u00e9 <\/strong>de semis. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A noter qu\u2019un couvert haut et pr\u00e9sentant une forte biomasse aura tendance \u00e0 pi\u00e9ger plus de rayonnement. Il va donc avoir un alb\u00e9do plus faible et r\u00e9chauffant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Attention \u00e0 l\u2019antagonisme des certaines pratiques entre l\u2019effet alb\u00e9do et le stockage du carbone<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A court terme,<strong> l\u2019effet alb\u00e9do des couverts peut \u00eatre plus fort que l\u2019effet stockage du carbone<\/strong>. En moyenne l\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019un stockage de C est de 124 \u00e0 720 kg\/C\/ha\/an. Cet effet est moins marqu\u00e9 quand les couverts ont une forte biomasse. Mais, \u00e0 long terme, l\u2019<strong>accumulation progressive de mati\u00e8res organiques dans les sols assombrit le sol.<\/strong> Cette derni\u00e8re a un effet n\u00e9gatif sur l\u2019alb\u00e9do, quand il reste nu. <strong>Plus on a de MO dans les sols, plus il faudra donc les couvrir en permanence pour ne pas avoir un effet n\u00e9gatif sur l\u2019alb\u00e9do<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019autres pratiques ont un effet sur l\u2019alb\u00e9do. Le<strong> chaulage cause une augmentation significative d\u2019alb\u00e9do<\/strong> alors qu\u2019un apport de biochar peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une chute importante d\u2019alb\u00e9do. Le<strong> non labour permet un maintien en surface des pailles de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales qui ont un alb\u00e9do g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le sol nu<\/strong>. Toutefois, l\u2019effet \u00ab\u00a0mulch\u00a0\u00bb des pailles att\u00e9nu fortement l&rsquo;effet alb\u00e9do, se traduisant par une diminution du flux d\u2019\u00e9vaporation, une augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature et du flux de chaleur sensible en surface. L\u2019<strong>irrigation tendra \u00e0 d\u00e9cro\u00eetre l\u2019alb\u00e9do du sol <\/strong>et cet effet sera contre modul\u00e9e par une augmentation de l\u2019\u00e9vapotranspiration qui tend \u00e0 refroidir le climat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"1298\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-small-font-size\">Sources utilis\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question :<em> L&rsquo;effet <mark>alb\u00e9do<\/mark> est-il le troisi\u00e8me levier d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du <mark>changement climatique<\/mark> ?&nbsp;:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aab650\/meta#:~:text=We%20show%20that%20this%20mitigation,the%20case%20of%20no%20irrigation.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CARRER D. et al, 2018<\/a>. What is the potential of cropland albedo management in the fight against global warming&nbsp;? A case study based on the use of cover crop<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.inrae.fr\/hal-02627806\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CESCHIA E. et al, 2017. <\/a>Potentiel d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des changements climatiques par les couverts interm\u00e9diaires. Innovations Agronomiques 62 p 43-58<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Retrouvez toutes nos publications sur le<a href=\"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/category\/changement-climatique\/evaluer-et-attenuer-les-impacts-sur-lagriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> changement climatiqu<\/a>e et sur les leviers pour att\u00e9nuer son effet sur l&rsquo;agriculture sur notre site internet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduire un couvert accroit l\u2019alb\u00e9do de la parcelle. L&rsquo;alb\u00e9do devient-il un levier pour le changement climatique ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique","category-evaluer-et-attenuer-les-impacts-sur-lagriculture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Effet alb\u00e9do et changement climatique - L&#039;ARAD2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Introduire un couvert accroit l\u2019alb\u00e9do de la parcelle. 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