{"id":1342,"date":"2022-01-04T15:54:41","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T14:54:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=1342"},"modified":"2023-03-07T09:23:56","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:23:56","slug":"nematodes-vers-sols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/nematodes-vers-sols\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e9matodes : minuscules mais importants pour les sols"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les n\u00e9matodes, vers de taille minuscule mais d&rsquo;une importance capitale pour le fonctionnement des sols<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Les n\u00e9matodes ne sont que tr\u00e8s connus en comparaison avec d\u2019autres groupes fonctionnels des sols ou alors quand ils le sont, on pense d\u2019abord aux n\u00e9matodes qui parasitent les plantes et qui peuvent causer des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts importants. En fait, la plupart des n\u00e9matodes n\u2019appartiennent pas \u00e0 cette cat\u00e9gorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"493\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/nematode-des-sols.png?resize=493%2C515&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"N\u00e9matodes : vers au corps cylindriques et transparents\" class=\"wp-image-1343\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/nematode-des-sols.png?w=493&amp;ssl=1 493w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/nematode-des-sols.png?resize=287%2C300&amp;ssl=1 287w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/><figcaption>N\u00e9matodes : vers au corps cylindriques et transparents<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>n\u00e9matodes sont des vers aux corps cylindriques et transparents<\/strong>. Ils appartiennent \u00e0 la microfaune des sols (majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 moins d\u20191 mm). Ils ne sont pas segment\u00e9s comme les vers de terre et se d\u00e9placent par mouvement ondulatoire. Aujourd\u2019hui, il y a environ 27&nbsp;000 esp\u00e8ces d\u00e9crites&nbsp;: 5 000 marines, 7 000 continentales et 12 000 parasites d\u2019animaux. Mais on suppose qu\u2019il y a plusieurs centaines de milliers d\u2019esp\u00e8ces et on en d\u00e9couvre 40 \u00e0 80 esp\u00e8ces par an. De plus, on les retrouve dans quasiment tous les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes y compris extr\u00eames et de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s abondante (plusieurs millions d\u2019individus par m\u00b2).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"1340\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Une tr\u00e8s grande diversit\u00e9 trophique et des strat\u00e9gies de vie tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diversit\u00e9 trophiques des n\u00e9matodes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe une<strong> diversit\u00e9 trophique<\/strong> chez les n\u00e9matodes&nbsp;: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Herbivores, <\/li><li>Fongivores, <\/li><li>Bact\u00e9rivores, <\/li><li>Pr\u00e9dateurs notamment d\u2019autres n\u00e9matodes, <\/li><li>Parasites <\/li><li>Omnivores. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Si on regarde le r\u00e9seau trophique des sols, on remarque que les n\u00e9matodes sont pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux trophiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les<strong> n\u00e9matodes herbivores<\/strong> sont majoritairement des consommateurs de racines. Ils pr\u00e9sentent un stylet (sorte d\u2019aiguille) qui permet de piquer la racine, d\u2019y injecter des substances et d\u2019absorber le contenu des cellules v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Au sein de ce groupe, on distingue des sous cat\u00e9gories en fonction de leur comportement alimentaire. Certains restent \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des racines et ne provoquent pas la mort des cellules, d\u2019autres sont ectoparasites, d\u2019autres sont endoparasites qui vont p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les racines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les<strong> n\u00e9matodes fongivores<\/strong> se caract\u00e9risent aussi par la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un stylet utilis\u00e9 pour piquer les hyphes des champignons. Ils consomment aussi bien des champignons mycorhiziens que les champignons parasites des plantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les<strong> n\u00e9matodes bact\u00e9rivores<\/strong> sont un groupe tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9 et n\u2019ont pas de stylet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les<strong> n\u00e9matodes carnivores et omnivores<\/strong>, \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9s, poss\u00e8dent des armes (dent, denticule ou stylet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par contre, les <strong>n\u00e9matodes ne consomment pas les virus pr\u00e9sents dans le sol mais ils peuvent \u00eatre vecteurs de virus pour les plantes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strat\u00e9gie de vie des n\u00e9matodes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tous les n\u00e9matodes <strong>se reproduisent par des \u0153ufs<\/strong> (de quelques dizaines \u00e0 des milliers) mais on peut retrouver de la reproduction sexu\u00e9e, de l\u2019hermaphrodisme ou de la parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains n\u00e9matodes sont <strong>tr\u00e8s sensibles aux perturbations de l\u2019environnement<\/strong> car ils ont une cuticule fine et perm\u00e9able et d\u2019autres tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistants. Par exemple, certains n\u00e9matodes peuvent rester plus de 8 heures \u00e0 -270\u00b0C sans que cela ne leur pose de probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En croisant les deux crit\u00e8res reproduction et survie, on peut classer les n\u00e9matodes selon un gradient de colonisation-persistance. Les colonisateurs sont plut\u00f4t des n\u00e9matodes courts avec des petits \u0153ufs, bact\u00e9rivores et ayant une sensibilit\u00e9 faible aux al\u00e9as environnementaux. A l\u2019oppos\u00e9, les persistants sont plut\u00f4t longs avec de grands \u0153ufs, omnivores ou pr\u00e9dateurs et sont sensibles aux variations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5 grandes fonctions port\u00e9es par les n\u00e9matodes impactant les agrosyst\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe une <strong>multitude de<\/strong> fonctions mais certaines sont directement corr\u00e9l\u00e9es aux services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques des agrosyst\u00e8mes&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>D\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par les n\u00e9matodes phytoparasites<\/strong>&nbsp;: les pertes sont estim\u00e9es au niveau mondial \u00e0 plus de 100 milliards d\u2019euros par an. Ils sont essentiellement endoparasitaires et provoquent des galles. Il faut mettre en \u0153uvre des strat\u00e9gies de gestion qui sont souvent complexes car ces n\u00e9matodes sont polyphages. De plus, ils produisent souvent beaucoup d\u2019\u0153ufs dans des kystes qui se conservent tr\u00e8s longtemps dans les sols. Diff\u00e9rentes pratiques peuvent favoriser leur pr\u00e9sence&nbsp;: fr\u00e9quence des plantes h\u00f4tes dans les rotations, fertilisation favorisant une tr\u00e8s forte concentration de nutriments dans les plantes\u2026<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Recyclage et disponibilit\u00e9 des nutriments&nbsp;<\/strong>: les n\u00e9matodes m\u00eame bact\u00e9rivores et fongivores permettent une augmentation de la min\u00e9ralisation nette de l\u2019azote entre 1,2 et 5,8 mg d\u2019azote par n\u00e9matode par jour. Cette fonction est partag\u00e9e par diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces ce qui permet une continuit\u00e9 fonctionnelle. C\u2019est \u00e9galement vrai pour le phosphore. Ils stimulent \u00e9galement l\u2019acquisition par les plantes. C\u2019est le concept de<strong> boucle microbienne<\/strong>. Les n\u00e9matodes sont des organismes qui respirent beaucoup (et donc lib\u00e8rent du carbone) et qui, pour maintenir leur rapport carbone\/nutriments stable, doivent \u00e9galement lib\u00e9rer beaucoup de nutriments accessibles aux plantes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/boucle-microbienne-nematode.png?resize=698%2C515&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"La boucle microbienne\" class=\"wp-image-1344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/boucle-microbienne-nematode.png?w=698&amp;ssl=1 698w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/01\/boucle-microbienne-nematode.png?resize=300%2C221&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><figcaption>La boucle microbienne<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Flux de carbone<\/strong>&nbsp;: les n\u00e9matodes respirent et lib\u00e8rent du carbone environ 0,14 Gt de carbone par mois durant la p\u00e9riode de croissance des plantes soit environ 2% des \u00e9missions totales de carbone par les sols. Mais ils contribuent aussi au stockage de carbone notamment au travers de la stimulation de la rhizod\u00e9position des plantes (63 fois plus que sans n\u00e9matode). L\u2019effet net reste difficile \u00e0 \u00e9valuer.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>R\u00e9gulation des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes&nbsp;<\/strong>: les n\u00e9matodes modifient la composition des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes et les stimulent. Ils participent \u00e9galement au transport des bact\u00e9ries qui sont souvent peu mobiles.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Biocontr\u00f4le<\/strong>&nbsp;: Les n\u00e9matodes peuvent participer \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation d\u2019organismes nuisibles. C\u2019est notamment le cas des n\u00e9matodes entomophages qui consomment des insectes (larves de charan\u00e7ons, de hannetons, chenilles\u2026). Certains n\u00e9matodes peuvent aussi contr\u00f4ler des n\u00e9matodes phyto-parasitaires. &nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les n\u00e9matodes sont des animaux tr\u00e8s abondants, cosmopolites avec une grande capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sistance et d\u2019adaptation. Ils pr\u00e9sentent une grande diversit\u00e9 et participent \u00e0 de nombreuses fonctions des sols. Certaines esp\u00e8ces peuvent causer d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mais d\u2019autres participent \u00e0 la nutrition des plantes, au contr\u00f4le des bioagresseurs ou encore \u00e0 la stimulation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 microbienne. Certaines pratiques influencent fortement les populations de n\u00e9matodes&nbsp;comme la fertilisation (++), l\u2019utilisation de produits phytos n\u00e9maticides (&#8212;) ou encore la diversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale dans la rotation (+++). A l\u2019inverse, le labour a finalement peu d\u2019effets sur les n\u00e9matodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il reste encore beaucoup de travaux pour identifier les liens entre les facteurs de contr\u00f4le, la composition des communaut\u00e9s et les fonctions et services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques qu\u2019ils peuvent procurer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Source&nbsp;:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>TRAP J. 2020. Les n\u00e9matodes des sols, une taille minuscule mais une importance capitale. Webinaire AFES du 4 juin 2020<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/channels\/webinairesafes\/425945028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/vimeo.com\/channels\/webinairesafes\/425945028<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Retrouvez nos autres articles pour <a href=\"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/category\/gestion-des-sols\/mieux-connaitre-ses-sols\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mieux conna\u00eetre ses sols <\/a>sur notre site internet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les n\u00e9matodes sont des vers aux corps cylindriques et transparents et appartiennent \u00e0 la microfaune des sols.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[31,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-des-sols","category-mieux-connaitre-ses-sols"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>N\u00e9matodes : minuscules mais importants pour les sols - L&#039;ARAD2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les n\u00e9matodes sont des vers aux corps cylindriques et transparents. 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