{"id":1884,"date":"2022-07-13T12:56:49","date_gmt":"2022-07-13T10:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=1884"},"modified":"2023-03-07T09:23:49","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:23:49","slug":"chanvre-une-filiere-d-avenir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/chanvre-une-filiere-d-avenir\/","title":{"rendered":"Chanvre fili\u00e8re d\u2019avenir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le chanvre est une fili\u00e8re d\u2019avenir<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9couvrez en quoi le chanvre est une fili\u00e8re d&rsquo;avenir. Le<strong> chanvre est une culture int\u00e9ressante<\/strong> dans la diversification des syst\u00e8mes de culture. En effet, <strong>peu gourmande en eau et en produits phytosanitaires<\/strong>, cette culture pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement d\u2019\u00eatre quasi int\u00e9gralement utilisable gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s. Alimentation, b\u00e2timent, automobile, liti\u00e8re ou encore cosm\u00e9tique sont autant de secteurs qui peuvent valoriser tout ou partie des plantes de chanvre. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, la<strong> production de chanvre explose mais en France qui est le premier producteur en Europe.<\/strong> Toutefois, le nombre d\u2019hectares reste encore marginal en comparaison avec les autres cultures. Mais si aujourd\u2019hui, le chanvre a encore du mal \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper par rapport aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales avec des marges bien inf\u00e9rieures (500 \u20ac en conventionnel et 1 500 \u20ac en agriculture biologique), avec le d\u00e9veloppement de march\u00e9s \u00e0 forte valeur ajout\u00e9e, il pourrait demain trouver davantage de place dans les assolements fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"1882\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fili\u00e8re chanvre dans le Monde, en Europe et en France<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>production de chanvre a explos\u00e9 ces trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong> avec un triplement des surfaces. Elles atteignent entre 275 000 et 300 000 hectares en 2019. Il y a <strong>trois producteurs historiques :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La <strong>Chine<\/strong> avec 66 700 ha principalement sur le <strong>secteur textile, alimentation et pharmaceutique<\/strong>. <em>A noter que sur 600 brevets d\u00e9pos\u00e9s sur le chanvre, plus de la moiti\u00e9 vient de Chine<\/em>.<\/li><li>L\u2019<strong>Europe <\/strong>avec 58 000 ha sur le <strong>secteur papier, b\u00e2timent et automobile<\/strong> dont 17 900 ha en France.<\/li><li>Le <strong>Canada<\/strong> avec 44 000 ha sur le <strong>secteur alimentation uniquement<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, <strong>deux producteurs \u00e9mergents :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Les <strong>Etats Unis<\/strong> avec 59 400 ha mais seulement 18 000 ha en 2020 pour le <strong>march\u00e9 CBD, alimentation et pharmaceutique<\/strong><\/li><li>La<strong> Russie<\/strong> avec 10 200 ha pour le <strong>secteur pharmaceutique uniquement<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En Europe, la <strong>France est le premier producteur<\/strong>. Ainsi, 80 % des semences sont de provenance fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, il existe<strong> six chanvri\u00e8res en France et 1 500 producteurs<\/strong> pour 20 000 ha en 2021 avec des surfaces multipli\u00e9es par cinq en 30 ans. En Normandie, ce sont une quarantaine de producteurs pour 350 ha en moyenne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les produits du chanvre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quasiment l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la plante est commercialisable, except\u00e9 la fleur pour la France :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Graine<\/strong>\/Ch\u00e8nevis pour l\u2019alimentation<\/li><li><strong>Ch\u00e8nevotte<\/strong>\/granulat pour les biomat\u00e9riaux, peut capter 4 fois son poids en eau sans se d\u00e9former<\/li><li><strong>Fibre<\/strong> pour la papetier, mais peu de valorisation (mais toujours actif, papier technique pour les moteurs) \/ mat\u00e9riaux biosourc\u00e9s (tableaux de bord\u2026) \/ textile : 16% des parts de march\u00e9<\/li><li><strong>Poussi\u00e8re<\/strong> pour le m\u00e9thaniseur, R&amp;D cosm\u00e9tique<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 papeterie est sur le d\u00e9clin, de<strong> nouveaux march\u00e9s se d\u00e9veloppent<\/strong> notamment autour du m\u00e9dical et du CBD (cannabiol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les atouts du chanvre dans l\u2019alimentation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le ch\u00e8nevis contient 33 % de prot\u00e9ines, des om\u00e9ga 3, des vitamines et des min\u00e9raux. Ainsi, une cuill\u00e8re \u00e0 soupe de ch\u00e8nevis couvre 85 % des besoins quotidiens moyens en omega 3, 8 % en mangan\u00e8se, 18 % en magn\u00e9sium et 9 % en zinc et vitamines B1, PP, B6 et B9. Il ne contient pas de facteurs nutritionnels, ni d\u2019allerg\u00e8nes connus et peut \u00eatre ins\u00e9r\u00e9 dans l\u2019alimentation de tous, y compris des nourrissons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019interprofession<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.interchanvre.org\/interchanvre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">InterChanvre<\/a> a lanc\u00e9 un label \u00ab ch\u00e8nevis fran\u00e7ais \u00bb<\/strong> qui garantit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>une <strong>fili\u00e8re 100% fran\u00e7aise<\/strong> depuis la production de semence jusqu\u2019\u00e0 transformation,<\/li><li>le<strong> z\u00e9ro phyto <\/strong>en culture,<\/li><li>la<strong> tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9<\/strong> des pratiques.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les atouts du chanvre dans la fili\u00e8re bioplastiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La ch\u00e8nevotte est principalement utilis\u00e9e pour<strong> renforcer les matrices thermoplastiques<\/strong>.  De plus, il peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e avec tous types de polym\u00e8res : p\u00e9trosourc\u00e9s, recycl\u00e9s et biosourc\u00e9s. Le <strong>pourcentage d\u2019introduction d\u00e9pendra :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>du polym\u00e8re utilis\u00e9, <\/strong><\/li><li><strong>de la taille de la ch\u00e8nevotte,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>de l\u2019application vis\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les principales applications des<strong> composites \u00e0 base de chanvre et de thermoplastiques sont : les b\u00e2timents, les transports<\/strong> (et les biens de consommation courante (brosse \u00e0 dent, lunettes\u2026). La ch\u00e8nevotte renforce les matrices plastiques, diminue l\u2019utilisation de mati\u00e8res fossiles et reste biod\u00e9gradable. Aujourd\u2019hui, le march\u00e9 reste faible car les bioplastiques restent plus chers et il existe une \u00ab peur \u00bb des clients sur le niveau de performances de ces plastiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le chanvre est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 dans le<strong> secteur du b\u00e2timent notamment avec la production de b\u00e9ton de chanvre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les atouts du chanvre dans la fili\u00e8re textile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le march\u00e9 du textile pr\u00e9sente un fort potentiel de d\u00e9veloppement avec trois technologies possibles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>100 % chanvre avec les fibres longues<\/strong> sur le principe du lin. L\u2019\u00e9tape de rouissage est encore compliqu\u00e9e et les machines de r\u00e9colte au champ reste \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le<strong> cotinis\u00e9 avec 20 \u00e0 30 % de chanvre et d\u2019autres fibres type coton<\/strong>. Aujourd\u2019hui, 2000 tonnes de fibres de chanvre partent sur cette technologie qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9e par Levis, Ik\u00e9a ou encore D\u00e9cathlon<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le<strong> cellulosique <\/strong>qui permet d\u2019obtenir des fibres tr\u00e8s fines et techniques. En France, l\u2019\u00e9tape d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation se termine pour passer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle pr\u00e9industriel.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>fili\u00e8re fran\u00e7aise de chanvre est en train de s\u2019organiser. <\/strong>La culture de chanvre n\u2019est pas encore attractive \u00e9conomiquement pour les agriculteurs mais le d\u00e9veloppement de march\u00e9s porteurs notamment sur le luxe et les atouts environnementaux de cette culture devraient permettre un accroissement des surfaces. Des<strong> innovations agronomiques et techniques sont toutefois encore n\u00e9cessaires<\/strong> : recherche vari\u00e9tale, mat\u00e9riel de r\u00e9colte, capacit\u00e9 de s\u00e9chage et de stockage\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source pour cet article sur la fili\u00e8re d&rsquo;avenir du chanvre :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/normandie.chambres-agriculture.fr\/a-proximite\/actualites-locales\/detail-actualite\/actualites\/les-rencontres-du-chanvre-en-normandie-edition-2021-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rencontres du chanvre en Normandie<\/a> du 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le chanvre est une culture int\u00e9ressante dans la diversificatin des syst\u00e8mes de culture<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroecologie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chanvre fili\u00e8re d\u2019avenir - L&#039;ARAD2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le chanvre est une fili\u00e8re d&#039;avenir de part sa culture int\u00e9ressante dans la diversification des 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