{"id":2087,"date":"2022-08-31T11:05:45","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T09:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=2087"},"modified":"2024-04-17T14:55:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T12:55:52","slug":"priming-effect-des-sols-mecanismes-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/priming-effect-des-sols-mecanismes-consequences\/","title":{"rendered":"Priming Effect dans les sols : m\u00e9canismes et cons\u00e9quences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Priming Effect dans les sols : m\u00e9canismes et cons\u00e9quences sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques en conditions de changement climatique<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cette nouvelle publication, d\u00e9couvrez les <strong>m\u00e9canismes du Priming Effect dans les sols et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques. Les sols renferment la plus importante r\u00e9serve de carbone de notre plan\u00e8te, environ trois fois plus que l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. La mati\u00e8re organique (MO) stock alors la plupart de ce carbone (C). Le priming effect correspond \u00e0 une modification du taux de min\u00e9ralisation des mati\u00e8res organiques du sol par les microorganismes du sol suite \u00e0 un apport en mati\u00e8re organique fra\u00eeche. Il regroupe en fait diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes\u00a0: d\u00e9composition st\u0153chiom\u00e9trique, nutrient-mining ou encore abiotically-mediated. Les plantes jouent un r\u00f4le central dans ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Comprendre comment piloter l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre ces m\u00e9canismes \u00e0 travers les pratiques agricoles permettrait d\u2019am\u00e9liorer durablement la fertilit\u00e9 des sols cultiv\u00e9s dans un contexte de changement climatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trois m\u00e9canismes derri\u00e8re le terme de \u00ab\u00a0Priming effect\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-5-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-af06c0beea15d2bde557eac1ef9c6e98\">Le<strong> Priming Effect<\/strong> (PE) implique <strong>diff\u00e9rents processus microbiens<\/strong> parfois modul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re oppos\u00e9e par des param\u00e8tres environnementaux. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, sa mesure correspond \u00e0 la<strong> diff\u00e9rence entre le carbone du CO<sub>2<\/sub> lib\u00e9r\u00e9 par un sol amend\u00e9 <\/strong>en mati\u00e8res organiques fra\u00eeches (MOF) <strong>et celui d\u2019un sol t\u00e9moin non amend\u00e9<\/strong> sur une certaines p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Priming Effect des sols n\u00e9gatif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le<strong> Priming Effect n\u00e9gatif <\/strong>est attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>utilisation pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle du substrat frais par les d\u00e9composeurs r\u00e9guliers des mati\u00e8res organiques du sol<\/strong>. Cela aboutit \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9composition et la min\u00e9ralisation des mati\u00e8res organiques au fil du temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Priming Effect des sols positif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:24% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"307\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-priming-effect.png?resize=307%2C244&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Sch\u00e9ma du Priming Effect dans les sols \" class=\"wp-image-2088 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-priming-effect.png?w=307&amp;ssl=1 307w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-priming-effect.png?resize=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Le processus de <strong>Priming Effect positif<\/strong> est quant \u00e0 lui attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>trois m\u00e9canismes<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La \u00ab&nbsp;<strong>d\u00e9composition st\u0153chiom\u00e9trique&nbsp;<\/strong>\u00bb est une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la d\u00e9composition des mati\u00e8res organiques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019augmentation des enzymes extracellulaires produites par les d\u00e9composeurs des MOF. Seules les MOF type r\u00e9sidus, liti\u00e8res ou racines mortes peut provoquer cette augmentation de production d\u2019enzymes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le \u00ab&nbsp;<strong>nutrient-mining<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00bb correspond \u00e0 l\u2019apport d\u2019\u00e9nergie, par les catabolites issus de la MOF. Il va aider les d\u00e9composeurs \u00e0 casser certains compos\u00e9s chimiquement r\u00e9calcitrants pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des nutriments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le \u00ab&nbsp;<strong>abiotically-mediated&nbsp;process<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00bb correspond \u00e0 une remobilisation de compos\u00e9s organiques prot\u00e9g\u00e9s car associ\u00e9s aux min\u00e9raux du sol gr\u00e2ce aux acides organiques des exsudats racinaires.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les param\u00e8tres du Priming Effect des sols<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Deux param\u00e8tres importants r\u00e9gissent donc l\u2019impact des diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes sur la dynamique et le devenir du carbone surmin\u00e9ralis\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>le type de mati\u00e8res organiques<\/strong>\u00a0: les mati\u00e8res organiques ont des taux de renouvellement diff\u00e9rents en fonction de leur nature biochimique et de leur accessibilit\u00e9 aux enzymes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l<strong>e taux d\u2019incorporation de carbone dans la biomasse cellulaire<\/strong> appel\u00e9 aussi efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019utilisation du carbone (CUE en anglais). La CUE des cellules peut varier de 0 \u00e0 0,85 en fonction de leur physiologie et de leur strat\u00e9gie de vie. Les mati\u00e8res organiques sur-assimilis\u00e9es lors du priming effect par les populations \u00e0 CUE \u00e9lev\u00e9e seront converties en biomasse microbienne plut\u00f4t que min\u00e9ralis\u00e9es en CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Les populations \u00e0 CUE \u00e9lev\u00e9e augmentent donc les chances de faire passer le carbone d\u2019un r\u00e9servoir de mati\u00e8res organiques \u00e0 temps de r\u00e9sidence rapide ou moyen \u00e0 un r\u00e9servoir \u00e0 temps de r\u00e9sidence long.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsque de la mati\u00e8re organique fra\u00eeche p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans le sol, sa teneur en azote (N) aide les cellules microbiennes \u00e0 synth\u00e9tiser de nouvelles enzymes pour une d\u00e9gradation des mati\u00e8res organiques. Si la taille de la part labile, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire facilement d\u00e9gradable, d\u00e9passe la biomasse microbienne totale et sous une teneur en N assimilable non limitante, les d\u00e9composeurs pr\u00e9f\u00e8reront le substrat frais (priming effect n\u00e9gatif). Ce qui va diminiuer le flux r\u00e9gulier de carbone issu des mati\u00e8res organiques vers l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Focus sur le m\u00e9canisme de Priming Effect des sols : \u00ab&nbsp;abiotically-mediated&nbsp;\u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La mati\u00e8re organique associ\u00e9e aux min\u00e9raux (MAOM) est historiquement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un r\u00e9servoir relativement passif de mati\u00e8res organiques stables. La MAOM est enrichie en compos\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9taux de faible poids mol\u00e9culaire et en sous produits microbiens. <strong>Les associations organo-min\u00e9rales reposent alors sur trois types de r\u00e9actions&nbsp;:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>l\u2019<strong>adsorption dans le cas de min\u00e9raux<\/strong> pr\u00e9sentant des sites r\u00e9actifs comme les <strong>argiles min\u00e9ralogiques<\/strong>, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la <strong>co-pr\u00e9cipitation<\/strong> dans le cas de <strong>min\u00e9raux mal cristallis\u00e9s<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la <strong>complexation avec l\u2019aluminium et le fer dans de sols plut\u00f4t acides<\/strong> ou le <strong>pontage cationique avec le calcium dans des sols \u00e0 pH plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces liaisons entre mol\u00e9cules organiques et phases inorganiques ont la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de<strong> ralentir la min\u00e9ralisation de la mati\u00e8re organique<\/strong>. Les facteurs contr\u00f4lant la d\u00e9stabilisation des MAOM sont multiples. De plus, ils d\u00e9pendent des plantes, directement ou indirectement, par une stimulation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 microbienne gr\u00e2ce aux exsudats racinaires. <strong>Deux types de r\u00e9action abiotique lib\u00e8rent le carbone li\u00e9 aux min\u00e9raux&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>dissolution des min\u00e9raux<\/strong>. Son am\u00e9lioraion se fait par les exsudats via des m\u00e9canismes favoris\u00e9s par :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>des ligands ou des protons,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et\/ou par des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>remplacement<\/strong>. Les ligands forts, comme les acides organiques, le favorisent. Ces derniers s\u2019adsorbent sur les surfaces min\u00e9rales.  De plus, ils sont capables de d\u00e9placer et de lib\u00e9rer des compos\u00e9s organiques pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment adsorb\u00e9s sur ces m\u00eames min\u00e9raux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-MAOM-Priming-Effect-abiotically-mediated.png?resize=649%2C326&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"MAOM et Priming Effect conceptuel de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration du &quot;abiotically-mediated&quot; \" class=\"wp-image-2089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-MAOM-Priming-Effect-abiotically-mediated.png?w=649&amp;ssl=1 649w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/schema-MAOM-Priming-Effect-abiotically-mediated.png?resize=300%2C151&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>MAOM et Priming Effect conceptuel de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration du \u00ab\u00a0abiotically-mediated\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> <br>Source : Bernard <em>et al<\/em>., 2022 Functional Ecology<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le \u00ab\u00a0abiotically-mediated Priming effect\u00a0\u00bb am\u00e9liore l\u2019acc\u00e8s microbien \u00e0 la mati\u00e8re organique auparavant prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par les min\u00e9raux. Il acc\u00e9l\u00e8re alors la perte de carbone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cons\u00e9quence du Priming Effect sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques en conditions de changement climatique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Priming Effect induit par les plantes : PIPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>plantes peuvent induire des changements massifs dans les taux de d\u00e9composition des mati\u00e8res organiques des sols<\/strong>. On parle alors de priming effect induit par les plantes (PIPE). Le sch\u00e9ma ci-dessous illustre <strong>les m\u00e9canismes par lesquels les plantes peuvent moduler la dynamique de la SOM, afin d\u2019ajuster l\u2019apport microbien de nutriments solubles \u00e0 la demande des plantes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"821\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/consequences-priming-effect-services-ecosystemiques-en-condition-changement-climatique.png?resize=821%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Les m\u00e9canismes par lesquels les plantes peuvent moduler la dynamique de la SOM afin d\u2019ajuster l\u2019apport microbien de nutriments solubles \u00e0 la demande des plantes\" class=\"wp-image-2090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/consequences-priming-effect-services-ecosystemiques-en-condition-changement-climatique.png?w=821&amp;ssl=1 821w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/consequences-priming-effect-services-ecosystemiques-en-condition-changement-climatique.png?resize=300%2C170&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/08\/consequences-priming-effect-services-ecosystemiques-en-condition-changement-climatique.png?resize=768%2C436&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>M\u00e9canismes par lesquels les plantes peuvent moduler la dynamique de la SOM afin d\u2019ajuster l\u2019apport microbien de nutriments solubles \u00e0 la demande des plantes<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>demande en nutriments des plantes correspond \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de nutriments n\u00e9cessaire pour convertir les glucides produits par la photosynth\u00e8se en biomasse v\u00e9g\u00e9tale<\/strong>. L\u2019apport en nutriments correspond \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de nutriments solubles par la communaut\u00e9 microbienne \u00e0 faible CUE. Les apports de carbone v\u00e9g\u00e9tal (ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne PIPE) stimulent ce communaut\u00e9. La plante fournit \u00e9galement du carbone \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 microbienne \u00e0 CUE \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Cette communaut\u00e9 construit la mati\u00e8re organique des sols (stockage des nutriments et du carbone) lorsque la demande en nutriments des plantes est faible ou inexistante. L\u2019abondance relative ainsi que <strong>l\u2019activit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 faible et forte CUE sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>l\u2019<strong>absorption par les plantes de nutriments solubles <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l<strong>\u2019apports en carbone<\/strong> (quantit\u00e9 et qualit\u00e9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques impact\u00e9s par le Priming Effect des Plantes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tous les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et dis-services li\u00e9s \u00e0 la dynamique des mati\u00e8res organiques sont impact\u00e9s par le PIPE<\/strong>. Par exemple, le PIPE intensifie les dis-services tels que la perte de carbone du sol et le lessivage des nitrates. A l\u2019inverse, il permet un meilleur approvisionnement des plantes en nutriments solubles. Ce qui permet de soutenir une plus grande production v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et une plus grande fixation de CO<sub>2<\/sub>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le r\u00e9chauffement climatique peut avoir un impact sur l\u2019intensit\u00e9 du PIPE<\/strong>, de diff\u00e9rentes fa\u00e7on :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>par ses effets sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 enzymatique du sol et les populations microbiennes, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sur les communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Celles-ci, \u00e0 leur tour, vont d\u00e9terminer la quantit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 du carbone v\u00e9g\u00e9tal apport\u00e9 au sol. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est de plus en plus reconnu que les plantes peuvent moduler la dynamique des mati\u00e8res organiques du sol \u00e0 travers le PIPE pour ajuster \u00e0 leurs besoins l\u2019apport en nutriments solubles provenant des microorganismes. <strong>Une augmentation du CO<sub>2<\/sub> entrainera dans un premier temps une augmentation de la photosynth\u00e8se des plantes<\/strong> et donc des besoins en nutriments et par cons\u00e9quence une augmentation du PIPE. Ainsi, lorsque la biomasse v\u00e9g\u00e9tale est fortement stimul\u00e9e par un CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u00e9lev\u00e9, le stockage du carbone organique des sols diminue. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I<strong>l est donc n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019accro\u00eetre les connaissances sur les flux de carbone entrain\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rents processus de Priming Effect.<\/strong> L&rsquo;objectif est donc de<strong> mieux appr\u00e9hender son comportement, ainsi<\/strong> que <strong>l\u2019impact sur la production agricole en r\u00e9ponse au changement climatique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"2085\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('eyJwb3N0cyI6eyIyMDg1Ijp7IklEIjoyMDg1LCJ0aXRsZSI6IlF1J2VzdC1jZSBxdWUgbGUgUHJpbWluZyBlZmZlY3QgZGFucyBsZXMgc29scyIsInR5cGUiOiJwZGYiLCJyZWFkeV9mdW5jdGlvbiI6IiIsImJvb2tfc3R5bGUiOiJmbGF0IiwiYm9va190ZW1wbGF0ZSI6Im5vbmUiLCJvdXRsaW5lIjpbXSwiZGF0YSI6eyJwb3N0X0lEIjoiMjA4NiIsImd1aWQiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvbm9ybWFuZGllbWFpbmUuY2VyZnJhbmNlLmZyXC9hcmFkMlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvc2l0ZXNcLzNcLzIwMjJcLzA4XC9RdWVzdC1jZS1xdWUtbGUtUHJpbWluZy1lZmZlY3QtZGFucy1sZXMtc29scy1BUkFEXHUwMGIyLnBkZiIsInBkZl9wYWdlcyI6IjMiLCJwYWdlc19jdXN0b21pemF0aW9uIjoibm9uZSJ9LCJ0aHVtYm5haWwiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJwb3N0X0lEIjoiMCJ9LCJ0eXBlIjoiYXV0byJ9LCJwcm9wcyI6eyJjYWNoZWRQYWdlcyI6ImF1dG8iLCJyZW5kZXJJbmFjdGl2ZVBhZ2VzIjoiYXV0byIsInJlbmRlckluYWN0aXZlUGFnZXNPbk1vYmlsZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJyZW5kZXJXaGlsZUZsaXBwaW5nIjoiYXV0byIsInByZWxvYWRQYWdlcyI6ImF1dG8iLCJydGwiOiJhdXRvIiwiaW50ZXJhY3RpdmVDb3JuZXJzIjoiYXV0byIsInNoZWV0Ijp7InN0YXJ0VmVsb2NpdHkiOiJhdXRvIiwid2F2ZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJzaGFwZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJ3aWR0aFRleGVscyI6ImF1dG8iLCJjb2xvciI6ImF1dG8iLCJzaWRlIjoiYXV0byIsImNvcm5lckRldmlhdGlvbiI6ImF1dG8iLCJmbGV4aWJpbGl0eSI6ImF1dG8iLCJmbGV4aWJsZUNvcm5lciI6ImF1dG8iLCJiZW5kaW5nIjoiYXV0byIsImhlaWdodFRleGVscyI6ImF1dG8ifSwiY292ZXIiOnsid2F2ZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJjb2xvciI6ImF1dG8iLCJiaW5kZXJUZXh0dXJlIjoiYXV0byIsImRlcHRoIjoiYXV0byIsInBhZGRpbmciOiJhdXRvIiwic3RhcnRWZWxvY2l0eSI6ImF1dG8iLCJmbGV4aWJpbGl0eSI6ImF1dG8iLCJmbGV4aWJsZUNvcm5lciI6ImF1dG8iLCJiZW5kaW5nIjoiYXV0byIsIndpZHRoVGV4ZWxzIjoiYXV0byIsImhlaWdodFRleGVscyI6ImF1dG8iLCJtYXNzIjoiYXV0byIsInNpZGUiOiJhdXRvIiwic2hhcGUiOiJhdXRvIn0sInBhZ2UiOnsid2F2ZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJjb2xvciI6ImF1dG8iLCJkZXB0aCI6ImF1dG8iLCJzdGFydFZlbG9jaXR5IjoiYXV0byIsImZsZXhpYmlsaXR5IjoiYXV0byIsImZsZXhpYmxlQ29ybmVyIjoiYXV0byIsImJlbmRpbmciOiJhdXRvIiwid2lkdGhUZXhlbHMiOiJhdXRvIiwiaGVpZ2h0VGV4ZWxzIjoiYXV0byIsIm1hc3MiOiJhdXRvIiwic2lkZSI6ImF1dG8iLCJzaGFwZSI6ImF1dG8ifSwiaGVpZ2h0IjoiYXV0byIsIndpZHRoIjoiYXV0byIsImdyYXZpdHkiOiJhdXRvIiwicGFnZXNGb3JQcmVkaWN0aW5nIjoiYXV0byJ9LCJjb250cm9sUHJvcHMiOnsiYWN0aW9ucyI6eyJjbWRTYXZlIjp7ImVuYWJsZWQiOiJhdXRvIiwiZW5hYmxlZEluTmFycm93IjoiYXV0byJ9LCJjbWRQcmludCI6eyJlbmFibGVkIjoiYXV0byIsImVuYWJsZWRJbk5hcnJvdyI6ImF1dG8ifSwiY21kU2luZ2xlUGFnZSI6eyJlbmFibGVkIjoiYXV0byIsImVuYWJsZWRJbk5hcnJvdyI6ImF1dG8iLCJhY3RpdmUiOiJhdXRvIiwiYWN0aXZlRm9yTW9iaWxlIjoiYXV0byJ9fX0sImF1dG9UaHVtYm5haWwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvbm9ybWFuZGllbWFpbmUuY2VyZnJhbmNlLmZyXC9hcmFkMlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvc2l0ZXNcLzNcLzNkLWZsaXAtYm9va1wvYXV0by10aHVtYm5haWxzXC8yMDg1LnBuZyIsInBvc3RfbmFtZSI6InF1LWVzdC1jZS1xdWUtbGUtcHJpbWluZy1lZmZlY3QtZGFucy1sZXMtc29scyIsInBvc3RfdHlwZSI6IjNkLWZsaXAtYm9vayJ9fSwicGFnZXMiOltdLCJmaXJzdFBhZ2VzIjpbXX0=');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-small-font-size\">Source&nbsp;:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Bernard L., Basile-Doeschl I., Derrien D., Fanin N., Fontaine S., Gunet B., Karima B. et Maron P-A., 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-03685054\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Le Priming Effect dans le sols&nbsp;: m\u00e9canismes, acteurs et cons\u00e9quences sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques dans un contexte de changment global. Etude et Gestion des Sols<\/a>, 29, 239-274<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les m\u00e9canismes et cons\u00e9quences sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques en conditions de changement climatique<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2091,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-des-sols","category-mieux-connaitre-ses-sols"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Priming Effect dans les sols : m\u00e9canismes et cons\u00e9quences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Priming Effect dans les sols : m\u00e9canismes et cons\u00e9quences sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques en conditions de changement climatique\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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