{"id":3284,"date":"2024-02-20T17:17:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T16:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=3284"},"modified":"2024-02-21T10:40:18","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T09:40:18","slug":"one-welfare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/one-welfare\/","title":{"rendered":"One Welfare"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La relation homme-animal au c\u0153ur du concept \u00ab&nbsp;One Welfare&nbsp;\u00bb<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-medium-font-size\">D\u00e9couvrez le concept \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb et comment ergonomes et \u00e9thologues travaillent ensemble pour de meilleures relations homme-animal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background\">La relation entre les humains et les animaux et, plus sp\u00e9cifiquement, leur interd\u00e9pendance dans les diff\u00e9rents agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes a conduit \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>\u00e9mergence d\u2019une approche \u00ab One Welfare \u00bb<\/strong>. Apparu en 2016, ce concept s\u2019inspire du concept \u00ab\u00a0One Health\u00a0\u00bb. Il <strong>repose sur l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que le bien-\u00eatre des animaux, celui de l&rsquo;humain et de l&rsquo;environnement sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s<\/strong>. Cette approche vise donc \u00e0 promouvoir des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019am\u00e9lioration globale, \u00e9quitable voire synergique, du bien-\u00eatre des humains et des animaux. Ainsi, mettre en pratique cette approche requiert, tout autant, une <strong>vision globale des enjeux <\/strong>(s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et des agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, travail, capital \u2026) que <strong>locale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des \u00e9levages et de la relation quotidienne des \u00e9leveurs et de leurs animaux.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Dans ce concept, la question de la relation homme-animal est fondamentale. Deux disciplines sont donc particuli\u00e8rement importantes\u00a0: l\u2019<strong>\u00e9thologie et l\u2019ergonomie<\/strong>. <strong>L&rsquo;\u00e9thologie appliqu\u00e9e \u00e9tudie les comportements des animaux g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l&rsquo;homme.<\/strong> Elle vise \u00e0 comprendre comment les animaux per\u00e7oivent leur environnement, y compris la fa\u00e7on dont ils construisent leur relation avec l&rsquo;\u00e9leveur. <strong>L&rsquo;ergonomie vise, quant \u00e0 elle, \u00e0 comprendre en d\u00e9tail l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 humaine dans ses dimensions physiques, sensitives et cognitives en relation avec une t\u00e2che. <\/strong>Elle vise \u00e9galement \u00e0 transformer les situations de travail par une approche syst\u00e9mique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Cette double approche permet d\u2019aborder les relations homme-animal non plus uniquement par le prisme des pratiques zootechniques. Elle <strong>int\u00e8gre la compr\u00e9hension des pratiques relationnelles<\/strong> dans lesquelles l\u2019animal est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un partenaire \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re dans la relation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019importance de la relation homme-animal dans le concept \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Le concept \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb appara\u00eet en 2016 et d\u00e9coule du concept \u00ab\u00a0One Health\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>. Il fait le lien entre trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments\u00a0: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le bien-\u00eatre animal, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le bien-\u00eatre de l\u2019\u00e9leveur,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>leur environnement physique et social.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Un des enjeux majeurs du concept de \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb est donc de <strong>construire une relation homme-animal d\u2019\u00e9levage qui r\u00e9pond au bien-\u00eatre des deux<\/strong>. En effet, les r\u00e9actions r\u00e9ciproques des humains et des animaux dans les situations de travail peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme un indicateur de bien-\u00eatre alors m\u00eame que la construction de la relation n\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas valoris\u00e9e comme une vraie dimension du travail. <strong>Cela fait en particulier appel \u00e0 plusieurs disciplines notamment l\u2019\u00e9thologie et l\u2019ergonomie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Place de l\u2019\u00e9thologie dans le concept \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L&rsquo;\u00e9thologie \u00e9tudie le comportement animal (y compris le comportement humain) ainsi que ses facteurs physiologiques, psychologiques et environnementaux. Le comportement peut \u00eatre d\u00e9fini comme \u00ab&nbsp;les r\u00e9ponses coordonn\u00e9es de l&rsquo;ensemble des organismes \u00e0 des stimuli internes et externes&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour cela, <strong>les \u00e9thologues travaillent sur les \u00ab\u00a04 pourquoi de Tinbergen\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>Les causes proximales et leurs origines&nbsp;: neurobiologie, psychologie\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019ontogen\u00e8se des comportements&nbsp;: comment le comportement se d\u00e9veloppe&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La fonction des comportements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La phylogen\u00e8se des comportements\u00a0: g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et \u00e9volution des comportements.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les diff\u00e9rents facteurs impliqu\u00e9s dans la construction de la relation homme-animal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Les interactions entre l\u2019animal et l\u2019homme se succ\u00e8dent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on qu\u2019elles se succ\u00e8dent entre cong\u00e9n\u00e8res. <strong>L\u2019animal ne fait pas que r\u00e9agir \u00e0 l\u2019homme et \u00e0 son comportement. <\/strong>Il interagit tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quemment d\u00e8s sa naissance avec celui qui le soigne, le nourrit, le surveille, le manipule et l\u2019utilise \u00e0 des fins de production. C\u2019est l\u2019ensemble de ces interactions qui module la perception qu\u2019a l\u2019animal de l\u2019homme et r\u00e9ciproquement, et qui permet de construire la relation entre les individus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/facteurs-influencant-relation-homme-animal.png?resize=690%2C279&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/facteurs-influencant-relation-homme-animal.png?w=690&amp;ssl=1 690w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/facteurs-influencant-relation-homme-animal.png?resize=300%2C121&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Place de l\u2019ergonomie dans le \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019ergonomie de l\u2019activit\u00e9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L\u2019activit\u00e9 renvoie \u00e0 un \u00ab\u00a0travail vivant\u00a0\u00bb. Elle est alors unique, m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e, finalis\u00e9, adresse et s\u2019inscrit dans une histoire personnelle et collective. <strong>L\u2019activit\u00e9 est alors la trace de cette histoire et le fruit des possibles et impossibles rencontr\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L\u2019ergonomie d\u2019activit\u00e9 est une science de l\u2019action qui cherche \u00e0 transformer le travail avec un double objectif d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9. La sant\u00e9 est ici reli\u00e9 aux possibilit\u00e9s pour le travailleur d\u2019agir par son initiative sur son milieu pour le transformer et d\u00e9velopper l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de son activit\u00e9. <strong>La relation homme-animal est donc ici bien \u00e9tudi\u00e9 dans le cadre de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de travail de l\u2019\u00e9leveur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Un mod\u00e8le d\u2019analyse appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des relations homme-animal en \u00e9levage<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Le sch\u00e9ma ci-dessous pr\u00e9sente les interrelations entre syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9levage, \u00e9leveur et comportement de l\u2019animal ainsi que les effets produits sur l\u2019animal et sur l\u2019\u00e9leveur. L\u2019enjeu pour l\u2019ergonome est de comprendre ces interrelations pour ensuite agir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"817\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/modele-analytique-ergonomie.png?resize=817%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/modele-analytique-ergonomie.png?w=817&amp;ssl=1 817w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/modele-analytique-ergonomie.png?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/modele-analytique-ergonomie.png?resize=768%2C438&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Deux grandes directions d\u2019action dict\u00e9es par l\u2019ergonomie et l\u2019\u00e9thologie dans le \u00ab\u00a0One Welfare\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Les ergonomes et \u00e9thologues ont d\u00e9fini deux niveaux d\u2019approche pour avoir une relation positive homme-animal\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fa\u00e7onner le travail humain et l\u2019homme <strong>au service des besoins de l\u2019animal<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fa\u00e7onner l\u2019animal et son environnement de vie <strong>au service des besoins de l\u2019homme.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Diff\u00e9rents leviers d\u2019action sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans le tableau ci-dessous. <strong>Trois moments strat\u00e9giques pour travailler ses questions\u00a0sont \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La formation initiale et continue ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le projet d\u2019installation de l\u2019\u00e9leveur ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les projets d\u2019investissement notamment au moment de la conception du b\u00e2timent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"873\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/tableau-leviers-daction-one-welfare.png?resize=873%2C649&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/tableau-leviers-daction-one-welfare.png?w=873&amp;ssl=1 873w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/02\/tableau-leviers-daction-one-welfare.png?resize=300%2C223&amp;ssl=1 300w, 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&& FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-medium-font-size\">Pour approfondir cette th\u00e9matique, vous pouvez \u00e9galement consulter notre publication sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/perception-sensorielle-bovins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">perception sensorielle des bovins<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beaujouan J., Cromer D., X. Boivin X., 2021.<\/a> Review: From human\u2013animal relation practice research to the development of the livestock farmer\u2019s activity: an ergonomics\u2013applied ethology interaction. Animals 15 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20870\/productions-animales.2012.25.2.3205.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BOIVIN, x., BENSOUSSAN, S., L\u2019HOTELLIER, N., BIGNON, L., BRIVES, H., BRULE, A., \u2026 COURBOULAY, V. (2012).<\/a> Hommes et animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage au travail : vers une approche pluridisciplinaire des pratiques relationnelles. INRAE Productions Animales, 25(2), 159\u2013168. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.inrae.fr\/hal-03941131\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delanoue E., M.A. Rodien, B\u00e9atrice Mounaix, Xavier Boivin.<\/a> Le traitement du concept de One Welfare dans la litt\u00e9rature : enseignements d\u2019une analyse bibliom\u00e9trique: Treatment of the concept of One Welfare in the literature: lessons from a bibliometric analysis. 26. Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminants (3R 2022), idele; INRAE, Dec 2022, Paris, France. pp.555-556. ffhal03941131f <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La relation homme-animal au c\u0153ur du concept \u00ab\u00a0One 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