{"id":861,"date":"2018-05-20T17:53:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-20T15:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=861"},"modified":"2023-03-07T09:24:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:24:05","slug":"de-nouvelles-techniques-de-pulverisation-pour-reduire-limpact-des-produits-phytosanitaires-sur-lenvironnement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/de-nouvelles-techniques-de-pulverisation-pour-reduire-limpact-des-produits-phytosanitaires-sur-lenvironnement\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouvelles techniques de pulv\u00e9risation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De nouvelles techniques de pulv\u00e9risation pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact des produits phytosanitaires sur l\u2019environnement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>La protection des cultures repose encore majoritairement sur l\u2019usage de produits phytosanitaires. Si certains travaillent au travers du <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/le-plan-ecophyto-quest-ce-que-cest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plan Ecophyto<\/a> sur la r\u00e9duction des doses utilis\u00e9es, d\u2019autres focalisent leurs travaux de recherche sur l\u2019\u00e9tape de pulv\u00e9risation pour limiter l\u2019impact des produits \u00e9pandus sur l\u2019environnement ou encore sur la sant\u00e9 des utilisateurs. En effet, l\u2019\u00e9tape d\u2019application des produits phytosanitaires sur les plantes est un processus complexe. Cette \u00e9tape comprend de nombreuses phases et dont une fraction, souvent non n\u00e9gligeable, n\u2019atteint pas la cible vis\u00e9e voire atteint une cible non d\u00e9sir\u00e9e comme les abeilles. Ce dossier pr\u00e9sente trois exemples de travaux de recherche :<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"826\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La pulv\u00e9risation et l&rsquo;environnement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019application des produits de protection des plantes doit offrir une protection efficace tout en limitant la contamination de l\u2019environnement. Cela passe n\u00e9cessairement par une optimisation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des gouttes utilis\u00e9es. L\u2019efficience d\u2019un traitement est synonyme d\u2019une r\u00e9duction des tailles de gouttes pour offrir une meilleure couverture mais cela se fait au d\u00e9triment de la contr\u00f4labilit\u00e9 de la trajectoire des gouttes et de leur r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vaporation. Quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es durant plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle sur les techniques<br>d\u2019application, refl\u00e9tant \u00e0 chaque \u00e9poque les pr\u00e9occupations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, depuis l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des traitements, leur efficience \u00e9conomique, la r\u00e9duction des impacts sur l\u2019environnement<br>jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019impact sur la sant\u00e9 publique. Il apparait de plus en plus difficile de concilier les attentes des diff\u00e9rentes parties prenantes qui peuvent appara\u00eetre contradictoires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019approche multi \u00e9chelles doit y contribuer en agr\u00e9geant les connaissances fondamentales afin de structurer l\u2019effort collectif de recherche n\u00e9cessaire autour de la th\u00e9matique de l\u2019application des produits de protection des plantes. Outre les phases de pulv\u00e9risation, de transport et de r\u00e9tention des gouttes, elle offre \u00e9galement des perspectives de d\u00e9veloppement pour int\u00e9grer d\u2019autres aspects :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration et la translocation,<\/li><li>le devenir des PPP dans l\u2019environnement tels que le lessivage, la volatilisation ou la photod\u00e9gradation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les travaux sur les nouvelles techniques de pulv\u00e9risation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Outre les travaux de recherche fondamentaux sur les caract\u00e9ristiques intrins\u00e8ques des gouttes, des techniques diff\u00e9rentes de pulv\u00e9risation sont actuellement test\u00e9es. C\u2019est par<br>exemple le cas avec l\u2019utilisation de pendillards pour lutter contre le scl\u00e9rotinia du colza. Ils permettent alors de fortement r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact du fongicide sur les pollinisateurs sans impact agronomique. Les essais montrent qu\u2019il est possible de concentrer les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts dans la zone inf\u00e9rieure sans perte de rendement et avec une r\u00e9duction significative de la pr\u00e9sence de fongicide dans les nectars et pollens ramen\u00e9s par les abeilles dans la ruche en particulier les 3 jours suivant le traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autre exemple en arboriculture ave le projet Pulv\u00e9fix. Il s\u2019agit de mettre au point un dispositif d\u2019application reposant sur un syst\u00e8me fixe de micro-aspersion sur frondaison. La<br>preuve du concept a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite sur la base d\u2019itin\u00e9raires de traitements classiques pour ne pas induire de biais li\u00e9 au type de produit et les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 biologique de contr\u00f4le des bioagresseurs sont tr\u00e8s encourageants. Cette technique induit des quantit\u00e9s de produit d\u00e9pos\u00e9 par unit\u00e9 de surface de v\u00e9g\u00e9tal \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 une application au pulv\u00e9risateur avec toutefois un recouvrement h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne mais qui ne semble pas impacter l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du produit. Elle permet \u00e9galement d\u2019intervenir rapidement au moment le plus opportun. Il reste quelques travaux \u00e0 mener mais cette technique pourrait rapidement \u00eatre op\u00e9rationnelle et utilisable par les producteurs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De nouvelles techniques de pulv\u00e9risation pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact des produits phytosanitaires sur l\u2019environnement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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