{"id":977,"date":"2020-02-20T20:02:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T19:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/?p=977"},"modified":"2023-03-07T09:24:01","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:24:01","slug":"apprentissage-pilotage-fertilisation-azotee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/apprentissage-pilotage-fertilisation-azotee\/","title":{"rendered":"Fertilisation azot\u00e9e : apprentissage et pilotage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apprentissage et pilotage de la fertilisation azot\u00e9e : red\u00e9couvrir la fertilisation avec APPI\u2019N<\/h1>\n\n\n<p>Depuis 40 ans, le <strong>raisonnement de la fertilisation azot\u00e9e<\/strong> a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de nombreuses avanc\u00e9es de la R&amp;D agricole. Tant en terme d&rsquo;apprentissage que de pilotage. Il a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ou \u00e0 contextualiser les m\u00e9thodes du bilan. Cette m\u00e9thode permet donc de <strong>quantifier la fertilisation azot\u00e9e<\/strong> \u00e0 apporter sur une culture. Elle prend en compte les <strong>besoins en azote et les fournitures dont elle dispose pour sa nutrition azot\u00e9e<\/strong>. Le plus souvent, les besoins sont sup\u00e9rieurs aux fournitures disponibles dans le sol. On en d\u00e9duit donc la dose totale d&rsquo;azote \u00e0 apporter sur la culture en question pour \u00e9quilibrer le bilan.<\/p>\n<p>Une approche profond\u00e9ment diff\u00e9rente bas\u00e9e sur le <strong>suivi de l\u2019indice de nutrition azot\u00e9e. <\/strong>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 imagin\u00e9e par <strong>Cl\u00e9mence Ravier \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de sa th\u00e8se : \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www6.inrae.fr\/ideas-agrifood\/Recherche\/Theses-et-HDR\/Conception-innovante-d-une-methode-de-fertilisation-azotee-sur-ble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Conception innovante d\u2019une m\u00e9thode de fertilisation azot\u00e9e : Articulation entre diagnostic des usages, ateliers participatifs et mod\u00e9lisation<\/a> \u00bb.<\/strong> Ses travaux ont suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat fort de la profession agricole. Apr\u00e8s les premiers tests en Normandie et Poitou Charentes, l\u2019INRA et la Chambre R\u00e9gionale d\u2019agriculture de Normandie ont alors souhait\u00e9 \u00e9largir les tests de la m\u00e9thode et d\u2019usage par les conseillers et agriculteurs dans d\u2019autres contextes. La m\u00e9thode est \u00e9galement test\u00e9e en r\u00e9gion Centre. Des aires d\u2019alimentation de captage sont souvent candidates \u00e9galement via leur animation.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"976\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apprentissage et pilotage fertilisation azot\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>raisonnement de la fertilisation azot\u00e9e<\/strong> repose depuis plus de 40 ans sur la m\u00e9thode du bilan. Les <strong>principes fondamentaux<\/strong> sont <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>une <strong>nutrition azot\u00e9e non limitante <\/strong>tout au long du cycle <\/li><li>l\u2019estimation, de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante, des diff\u00e9rents termes de l\u2019\u00e9quation du bilan pour <strong>caract\u00e9riser les besoins en azote de la plante<\/strong> et la<strong> fourniture du sol<\/strong> par l\u2019utilisation du reliquat azot\u00e9. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les recherches autour de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du pilotage de la fertilisation se sont, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, principalement orient\u00e9es vers une meilleure estimation des diff\u00e9rents termes de l\u2019\u00e9quation. Mais l&rsquo;orientation des recherche n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sur la m\u00e9thode en elle-m\u00eame. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le suivi de l&rsquo;indice de nutrition azot\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2017, la th\u00e8se de Cl\u00e9mence RAVIER \u00ab Conception innovante d\u2019une m\u00e9thode de fertilisante azot\u00e9e \u00bb propose, <strong>apr\u00e8s un diagnostic des limites de la m\u00e9thode du bilan, une nouvelle approche. <\/strong>Il s\u2019agit non plus de baser le raisonnement sur un objectif de rendement. Mais de piloter la fertilisation \u00e0 partir d\u2019un suivi r\u00e9gulier de l\u2019\u00e9tat de nutrition azot\u00e9e de la plante, de l\u2019acceptation de carences en azote non pr\u00e9judiciables pour le rendement et de r\u00e8gles de d\u00e9cision tenant compte des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques au moment de l\u2019apport. Pour cela, des <strong>abaques sont construites<\/strong>. Ils permettent d\u2019\u00e9clairer les d\u00e9cisions des agriculteurs<strong> selon l\u2019indice de nutrition azot\u00e9e obtenu par des mesures au champ<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode <strong>modifie profond\u00e9ment la fa\u00e7on de piloter sa fertilisation<\/strong>. Et, elle n\u00e9cessite de nombreux apprentissages pour les agriculteurs et pour les conseillers. Des tests sont en cours pour affiner les abaques et pour permettre aux agriculteurs de tester cette approche. Les essais sont encourageants. L\u2019enjeu est aujourd\u2019hui d\u2019identifier un cadre dans lequel il sera possible d\u2019animer cette communaut\u00e9 d\u2019usage, afin de poursuivre l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de cette m\u00e9thode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Retrouvez toutes nos publications sur la<a href=\"https:\/\/normandiemaine.cerfrance.fr\/arad2\/category\/reductions-dintrants-en-cultures-et-en-elevage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> limitation d&rsquo;intrants en culture et en \u00e9levage<\/a> en  ligne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Red\u00e9couvrir la fertilisation avec APPI\u2019N : Apprentissage et pilotage de la fertilisation Azot\u00e9e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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